GSMB

Dear Reader,

This booklet provides information about one of the most exciting discoveries in human nutrition/health supplements in recent years: the GSMB-Formula from Germany, which is now available in many countries. The GSMB-Formula is potentially the most potent natural biotic immune enhancer in the market place today.

Why a strong immune system is critical for our health

It is well known that a strong and fast acting immune system is the base and guarantee of good health for everyone.

Every second of our lives we are under constant attack by hundreds of thousands of foreign invaders, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and so forth. We are able to survive these attacks because we have a very complex army of defense that extend to every part of our body: our immune system.

It is not generally recognized that the immune system is one of the largest “organs” in the body; in man it constitutes three (3) percent of the body weight. This organ is distributed in all parts of the body and represents the body’s “armed forces”. The largest division of this defense is located in the gut tissues.

Unfortunately, many people today have a weak or compromised immune system. A weekend immune system does not function properly and is not able to fight the enemies as it was designed to do. The host is at constant risk to contracting bacterial or viral infections. This is the reason scientists from all parts of the world constantly search for so-called “immune-stimulants” or “immune-modulators” that interact with white blood cells and help the body restore or potentiate its army of defense to combat an attack.

The history of the GSMB-Formula (BETA GLUKING)

GSMB stands for “German Supercharged Micro-Encapsulated Immune Enhancer with beta 1,3-1,6 D glucan”. (Important note – GSMB is not solely beta 1,3-1,6 D glucan but with the addition of beta 1,3-1,6 D glucan).

The GSMB-Formula is manufactured exclusively in Germany using a patented and very complex extraction and purification process based on the latest biotechnology and innovative manufacturing techniques.

The GSMB-Formula is the result of two decades of costly research by German and international scientists and university professors. In the search for the best natural immune stimulants, more than ten million dollars have been expended. Research and studies continue on an on-going basis at leading universities and medical clinics throughout Europe.

Some ten years ago or more, the immune-enhancing scientific activities in Germany focused more and more on a number of naturally occurring immune stimulants. One of these immune stimulants was a particular polysaccharide molecule, known as beta 1,3-1,6 D glucan, which is extracted from cell walls of the baker’s yeast plant.

The main problem the scientists encountered surrounded the many different varieties of betaglucans and the great variations in their potency and efficacy. Many betaglucans are not able to activate the immune system.

Many years were spent on discovering and defining the “right” betaglucan which guarantees highest potency and efficacy. Not only the specific molecular structure is critical, but also the right extraction process. The molecule must be protected against acidity in the stomach. This was achieved by using a unique micro-encapsulation process. And last but not least, after much research and many clinical studies, the best “purification window” of the substance was defined and maximum immune activity was assured. Since the year 2002, other newly Germany-developed molecules and catalysts have been added to the betaglucan compound. The addition of these components activates even more immune competent cells and makes the end product unique worldwide.

Considered the strongest immune stimulator in the world, the GSMB-Formula is specifically and purposely designed to start a cascade of positive immune reactions in the body. GSMB is designed to do everything that other betaglucan or immune

enhancers can do with the exception that it does it quicker, more efficiently and with more benefits to the human body.

GSMB is designed to trigger an immune response in the body, thus creating a system of defense against viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic or neoplastic invaders. It also has potent anti-oxidant and free radical scavenging capabilities among its many benefits.

How the betaglucan-compound in GSMB is derived

GSMB is derived from the nonliving cell fractions of premium pure culture yeast species known as ‘saccharomyces cerevisiae’ through a costly, technical and lengthy patented process. In the extraction and production process no heat, chemicals or other substances are used. The yeast cell walls are broken up in a special process called autolysis, using only yeast-own enzymes. Controlled pH, correct temperature and duration of process are decisive factors (and strictly adhered to) which ensures maximum activity and guarantees a product of the highest quality.

How does GSMB enhance our immune system?

The human immune system has developed methods of combating infection caused by a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses and fungi. Its first line of defense is macrophages and other immune competent cells that circulate throughout the body and identify and destroy foreign intruders. Macrophages are also vital to the body’s overall health integrity because they are extensively involved in everyday detoxifying processes, intestinal flora maintenance, anti-infective and anti-tumor protection.

Macrophages are the cells that start and regulate the immune process. Macrophages ignite intercellular communication via release of chemical messengers called cytokines (such as interleukins, growth factors, colony stimulating factors and interferons). Macrophages communicate with T-cells in order to activate a specific immune response in the body and build specific antibodies to combat cancer and tumors.

The problem is that many of our macrophages and other immune competent cells are often “sleeping” and not fully activated. This gives the bacteria, viruses and parasites the opportunity to invade the body and multiply before defenses are mobilized and deployed.

Fortunately, the immune system has, throughout its time of evolution, created several trustworthy “alarm signals” which activate the immune cells into defense. One of the oldest alarm signals is in the form of a particular “key molecule”, and this molecule is the main component of GSMB. Consuming the GSMB molecule provides the body with a reliable warning mechanism when a foreign invader is present. At the same time, this molecule does not cause immunological over-reactions and inflammations. The GSMB molecule binds specifically to a certain “receptor site” on the surface of macrophages, granulocytes and the natural killer cells. A new study from Oxford University has identified, for the first time, the receptor site for the GSMB molecule.

“If the molecule structure is changed or damaged in any way, shape or form during the production process, (that is, by using acids or from over purification) the molecule loses its effectiveness and is no longer able to activate the immune cells. Only the exact “key” can open the “lock” and activate the immune cells! A faulty production process is why many “betaglucan products” do not work!”

The activation resulting from the binding of the GSMB molecule to the macrophages and other immune cells, initiates a cascade of events whereby the body is transformed into “an arsenal of defense”. This leads to a heightened cellular immune response that includes:

• Productions of white blood cells in the bone marrow, including macrophages, neutrophils and monocytes, which attack and devour harmful invaders.

• Mobilization of immune cells to the site of a foreign attacker.

• Increased phagocytic capacity or the ability to engulf and destroy intruders.

• Communicating the presence of an invader to other immune system cells, including other macrophages, neutrophils and natural killer or NK cells.

• Presentation of antigens to B- and T-cells of the acquired immune system, which adapts or learns to defend the body against a specific threat.

• Transformation of B-cells into large plasma cells that act as small factories secreting antibodies. Antibodies bind with foreign cells, identifying their presence for macrophages and other defenders that attack and kill the intruders.

• Solicitation of antigen-recognizing T-cells to destroy infected or mutant cells.

In general, the immune system recognizes the original threat and starts doing its job. GSMB works differently than most immune products. It is an immune system modulator and works by forcing your immune system to awake and “work”. GSMB serves to activate your immune system.

Is GSMB-Formula a “betaglucan-product” like others on the market?

Is a 1965 Mini a car? - Yes

Is a 2003 Ferrari a car? - Yes

However, are they in the same category for high speed performance? - No

In the same vein, the GSMB molecule is a very special type of beta 1,3-1,6 D glucan molecule, yet infinitely superior, infinitely more powerful and up to 12 times more potent than all tested betaglucans on the market. This is due to the manufacturing process in which the GSMB molecule is extracted, defined, encapsulated and exposed, all of which are carried out in a proprietary and unique manner. GSMB also differs from all other

betaglucans on the market due to the extended frequency and length of its molecular chains.

Furthermore, other special natural molecules and catalysts, which are only found in GSMB, activate even more receptors on immune competent cells. Other simple betaglucan-products are not able to do this.

How does GSMB-Formula compare to other immune compounds available?

GSMB-Formula is more active than lentinan (from medicinal mushrooms) and up to twelve (12) times more potent than regular beta glucans. Interestingly, regular beta glucans are 100 times more potent than mannans (from aloe) according to Joyce K. Czop PhD - Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Harvard Medical School.

What about athletic performance or those who want to build muscle?

When GSMB was added to pig and chicken food during tests conducted in Germany and Holland, a 20% - 30% extra growth in solid muscle mass was achieved in the animals in only a few weeks, showing GSMB to be one of the premier muscle building products on the planet.

What are the effects of a compromised immune system?

Individuals, who by reason of age or factors such as chronic infection or poor nutrition have a compromised immune defense system, are at risk to all of the following problems:

• Arthritis

• Reduced wound healing capacity

• Reduced bone marrow proliferation with resulting lowered white cell counts and anemia

• Increased incidence of cancers

• Increased incidence of all kinds of viral, fungal and bacterial infection.

It is well understood that one of the main elements of the ageing process is a lowering in the effectiveness of the immune function. All the problems mentioned above occur in old age. In addition, during the events in normal everyday living, the chance of the immune system becoming impaired is surprisingly high.

Not only environmental influences like UV radiation, electro-magnetic fields, food preservatives and antibiotics can cause temporary immunosuppression. Stress and heavy physical exercises also have adverse effects on the body’s immune system. It is well-documented that after heavy exercise, generally healthy athletes frequently suffer from influenza or pneumonia because of the depressive effect on their immune system.

The same immunosuppression is observed in people under physical or emotional stress and in patients with stress-related diseases, such as coronary disease. Under the influence of these health issues, the number of macrophages available is reduced leaving fewer macrophages to participate in the immune cascade. This causes an even deeper state of immunosuppression. GSMB has been proven to both stimulate and activate macrophage cells. These activities work to relieve or reverse the detrimental effects on health.

Who should take the GSMB-Formula?

A. Everyone who wants or needs to have a strong immune system

• Professional or amateur athletes

• People under physical or emotional stress

• People with compromised immune systems

• People who are susceptible to allergies, autoimmune disease, infectious disease, slow and incomplete healing and cancer

• People wishing to slow the ageing process

• People undergoing radiation or chemotherapy

• Geriatric patients and people over 40 whose immune system begins to slow down through the ageing process

• People who are exposed to radiation from external sources such as UV or electromagnetic fields

• People with poor nutrition or who consume food preservatives

• People at high risk of cardiovascular disease

• Animals! To help them overcome illness, stay healthy and live longer

GSMB is a perfect food supplement for all pets, horses, pigs, chickens and so forth.

More detailed information is available on this issue.

Summarizing the benefits

The benefits from using GSMB are as follows:

• Activates macrophage activity and sets off a cascade of events which stimulate immune function in several areas.

• Very adaptable and can be used as an adjuvant in medical applications to increase the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment and other drugs.

• Very effective as a broad anti-infective agent.

• A superior wound-healing agent.

• Demonstrates anti-tumor activity.

• Protection from leukocytopenia (decrease in the number of peripheral leukocytes - white blood cells).

• Contributes to slowing the ageing process.

• Helps to relieve physical and emotional stress.

• Helps to prevent cardiovascular disease.

• Assists those undergoing radiation and chemotherapy treatment.

• Safe to use, has no known toxic effect, and is allergy free.

Do healthy people need to take GSMB-Formula

A person may consider him or her self to be healthy and ask, therefore, should I take GSMB?

When making a decision, health-conscious consumers need to ask themselves if they are getting sufficient levels of GSMB in

their diet. They would also be advised to take into account the state of the environment in which they reside.

The air we breathe in some parts of the world, when closely analyzed, can be regarded as equivalent to a chemical cocktail of harmful pollutants. The water we drink, when examined closely, can at times resemble a biological experiment rather than nutritional refreshment. Most of the foods we eat contain fertilizers, pesticides, preservatives, additives and other compounds that are destructive to the integrity of the human body.

All of these factors compromise a healthy immune system which lowers our resistance to illness and disease.

As a result of the adverse condition of the environment and the complex ecosystem that surrounds us, one may summarize that our immune system is under constant attack by foreign, harmful invaders. Even those who do not appear to have any particular illness or disease, may yet choose to safely supplement their diet with GSMB, which will enhance immune response and assist in the prevention of disease.

Results of the latest studies with GSMB conducted in Germany

The recent German-conducted tests were carried out on HEALTHY people (aged between 17 – 75 years) over a short period of 2 - 4 weeks! Following are the results of the tests:

General Macrophage activation: up to 300% plus

Count of Leucocytes: up to 50% plus

Monocytes: up to 80% plus

Phagocytic Granulocytes: up to 100%

Phagocytic Monocytes: up to 100%

Substantial Increase of IL 1, and IL 2

GSMB-FORMULA

What the scientific community says about beta glucan

Adjuvant: Stewart C.C., et al., “Preliminary Observations on the Effect of Glucan in Combination with Radiation and Chemotherapy in Four Murine Tumors:, Cancer Treat. Prep.; 62: 1867-72. 1978. Quote: “The efficacy of glucan in combination with BCNU chemotherapy was measured using the disseminated AKR transplantable leukemia; the combination yielded a high level of cures compared to no survival for either agent alone.”

Adjuvant-Surgical Therapy: Compton R, Williams D, Browder W; “The beneficial effect of enhanced macrophage function on the healing of bowel anastomoses,” Am Surg, 62:1, 4-8. Jan 1996. Quote: “immuno-pharmacologic agents [glucan] that enhance macrophage function may be an important adjunct to surgical therapy requiring bowel anastomosis.”

Aging: Carrow, D.J. MD.; “Beta-1, 3-glucan as a Primary Immune Activator,” Townsend Letter; June 1996. Quote: “…beta 1,3-1,6 d glucan may well be the first and only true anti-aging supplement available to all of us.”

Antibiotics: Tzianabos AO, Cisneros RL; Prophylaxis with the immunomodulator PGG glucan enhances antibiotic efficacy in rats infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria,” Ann NY Acad Sci 797: 285-287; Oct 1996. “Results of these studies demonstrated that prophylaxis with PGG glucan in combination with antibiotics provided enhanced protection against lethal challenge with Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus as compared with the use of antibiotics alone.”

Arteriosclerosis: Williams D.L., Frowder I. And DiLuzie N.R., “Soluble phosphorylated glucan: methods and compositions for wound healing,” U.S. Patent 4975421, Issued Dec 4, 1990. Quote: “Beta 1,3-1,6 d glucan has proven to both stimulate and activate the macrophage cells,…People with high risk of arteriosclerosis should definitely add beta 1,3-1,6 d glucan to their diet in addition to any cholesterol-reducing drugs.

Bacterial Infection: Brown G D, Gordon S; “Immune recognition. A new receptor for beta-glucans.: Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Nature 6;413(6851):36-7. Sep 2001. Quote: The carbohydrate polymers known as beta-1,3-1,6 d-glucans exert potent effects on the immune system - stimulating anti-tumour and antimicrobial activity, for example - by binding to receptors on macrophages and other white blood cells and activating them.”

Bacterial Infections: Kokoshis PL, DiLuzio NR et al, “Increased resistance to Staphylococcus aureus infection and enhancement in serum lysozyme activity by glucan.” Science, 199(4335);1340-1342; 1978: Quote: “Prior treatment of mice with glucan significantly enhanced their survival when they were challenged systemically with Staphylococcus aureus. These studies indicate glucan confers an enhanced state of host defense against bacterial infections.”

Cancer - Mammary Carcinoma: DiLuzio N.R. Williams D.L. et al, “Comparative evaluation of the tumor inhibitory and antibacterial activity of solubilized and particulate glucan,” Recent Results Cancer Res 75:165-172. 1980.* Quote: Intravenous administration of soluble or particulate glucan resulted in significant reduction in the growth of a syngeneic anaplastic mammary carcinoma and melanoma B16 and enhanced survival.”

Cancer Melanoma: Bogwald J, Johnson E, Seljelid R;, “The Cytotoxic Effect of Mouse Macrophages Stimulated in vitro by a .beta. 1,3-D-Glucan from Yeast Cell Walls”. Scand. J. Immuol. 15: 297-304. 1982. Institute of Med Bio, U of Tromso, Norway. Quote: “Macrophages stimulated by an insoluble beta 1-3-D-glucan from yeast cell walls were able to destroy tumor cells as measured by the release of radioactive label from prelabelled 14C-thymidine cells. Target cells were B-16 melanoma, P-815 mastocytoma, and the L-929 cell line. A significant target cell killing by macrophages stimulated by glucan was observed after 72-96 h.”

Fungal Diseases: Browder IW., Williams D., Pretus H., et al; Beneficial Effect of Enhanced Macrophage Function in the Trauma Patients. Ann. Surg.; Vol 211: 605-613. Dept of Surg

and Physiol, Tulane U Sch of Med, LA and Istituto Di Chirurgia D’Urgenza, U of Torino, Torino, Italy.* 1990. Quote: Previous studies have demonstrated that glucan, a beta-1,3-linked glucopyranose polymer, isolated from the inner cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a potent macrophage stimulant and is beneficial in the therapy of experimental bacterial, viral, and fungal diseases.”

Fungal Infection: DiLuzio N.R., “Immunopharmacology of glucan: a broad spectrum enhancer of host defense mechanisms,” Trends in Pharmacol. SCI., 4:344-347. Dept of Physiology, Tulane U, New Orleans, LA.* 1983. Quote: (p347) “The broad spectrum of immunopharmacological activities of glucan includes not only the modification of certain bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic infections, but also inhibition of tumor growth.”

Hemopoietic Stimulation: Patchen M.L., McVittie T.J.; Temporal Response of Murine Pluripotent Stem Cells and Myeloid and Erythroid Progenitor Cells to Low-dose Glucan Treatment. Acta Hemat; 70:281-288. Experimental Hematology Dept, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Insti, Bethesda, MD. 1983. Quote: “Clearly, there are numerous possible uses for an agent such as glucan, which is a potent stimulator of hemopoietic activity. Currently, we [U.S. Armed Services] are using glucan to enhance hemopoietic proliferation in conjunction with hemopoietic injury inducted by radiation.”

Herpes-simplex: Kohl, et al., “Inhibition of Human Monocyte-Macrophage and Lymphocyte Cytotoxicity to Herpes-simplex Cells by Glucan”. J. Immunol. Methods; 29: 361-368. 1979.* Quote: “Particulate, cell-associated glucan irreversibly inhibited MP antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC).”

Immune Response Potentiation: Janusz M.J., Austen K.F., Czop J.K.; Isolation of a Yeast Heptaglucoside that Inhibits Monocyte Phagocytosis of Zosan Particles”. The Journal of Immunology; 142:959-965. Dept of Med, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA.* 1989. Quote: “Beta-Glucans with 1,3 and 1,6 glycosidic linkages are the major structural components of yeast and fungal cell walls and are active pharmacologic agents in host defense systems of plants and animals….The administration of

particulate glucans from S. cerevisiae to laboratory animals reduces host resistance to a variety of lethal pathogens by mechanisms involving macrophage stimulation.”

Immune Response Potentiation: Czop, J.K., Valiante N.M., Janusz M.J.; “Phagocytosis of particulate activators of the human alternative complement pathway through monocyte beta-glucan receptors,” Prog Clin Biol Res 297: 287-296; Dept of ed, Harvard Med S, Boston, MA. 1989. Quote (p1): “Animal studies indicate that beta-glucans with 1,3 and/or 1,6-linkages are active pharmacologic agents that rapidly confer protection to a normal host against a variety of biological insults. The beta-glucan receptors provide a mechanism by which a heightened state of host responsiveness is initiated.”

Immune Response Enhancement: Kimura A., et al., In Vitro Activation of Human Adherent Cells by a Glucan, Schizophyllan”. J. Reticuloendothel.; Soc. 34: 1-11. 1983. Quote: “…Glucan-treated rats had significantly increased rates of phagocytosis and killing of Staphylococcus aureus immediately after infection…”

Immune System: Joyce K. Czop. Ph.D., Dept of Rheumatology and Immunology, Harvard Medical School. Quote: “A cascade of interactions and reaction initiated by macrophage regulatory factors can be envisioned to occur and to eventuate n conversion of the glucan treated host to an arsenal of defense”.

Impaired Immunity: Carrow, D.J. M.D.; Beta-1,3-1,6 D Glucan as a Primary Immune Activator,” Townsend Letter; June 1996. Quote: “The following list includes benefits from the use of Beta 1,3-1,6 D Glucan supplementation: People who have impaired immunity from any cause including, but not limited to HIV infection; have a high occurrence of infectious diseases; have tumors and/or those undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy; are over forty who are concerned about the natural aging process or might have noticed a slowing down of immune reactivity; who are geriatric patients; and other with compromised immune disorders.”

Infection - Prevention: Maurici da Rocha e Silva et al; “Infection Prevention in Patients with Severe Multiple Trauma with the Immunomodulater Beta 1-3 Polyglucose (glucan);”

Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics; 177:383-388. 1993. Quote: “The incidence of hospital pneumonia of 55% and sepsis of 35% confirms results of previous studies of patients with multitrauma. Glucan decreased pneumonia and sepsis to a significantly lower level of 9.5%...The mortality rate related to infection decreased from 30.0 to 4.8%. The lower number of instances of pneumonia and sepsis…decreased the period of time in the intensive care and the hospital, with a global reduction of 40% on hospital cost.”

Parasitic: Patchen M.L., Ph.D., Dept of Experimental Hematology and Radiation Science, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute; Quote: “Glucan (Beta-1,3-1,6 D Glucan) has been shown to enhance macrophage function dramatically, and to increase non-specific host resistance to a variety of bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections”.

Parasitic Infection: DiLuzio N.R., “Immunopharmacology of glucan: a broad spectrum enhancer of host defense mechanisms,” Trends in Pharmacol. SCI., 4:344-347. Dept of Physiology, Tulane U, New Orleans, LA. 1983. Quote (p347): The broad spectrum of immunopharmacological activities of glucan includes not only the modification of certain bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic infections, but also inhibition of tumor growth.”

Safety - FDA Classification: Carrow, D.J. MD; “Beta-1,31,6 D Glucan as a Primary Immune Activator,” Townsend Letter; June 1996. Quote: “Beta 1,3-1,6 D Glucan is a safe and potent nutritional supplement with a profound systemic effect that can be described as nonspecific immune stimulation combined with its free radical scavenging activity. Remember, beta 1,3-1,6 D Glucan is generally recognized as safe (category GRAS, according to FDA) and has no known toxicity or side effects.”

Staphylococcus aureus: Kokoshis PL. DiLuzio NR et al, “Increased resistance to Staphylococcus aureus infection and enhancement in serum lysozyme activity by glucan.” Science, 199(4335); 1340-1342; 1978: Quote: “Prior treatment of mice with glucan significantly enhanced their survival when they were challenged systemically with Staphylococcus aureus. These studies indicate glucan confers an enhanced state of host defense against bacterial infections.’

Stress - Physical or Emotional: Carrow, D.J.; “Beta-1,3-glucan as a Primary Immune Activator,: Townsend Letter; June 1996. Quote: “The following list includes benefits from the use of Beta 1,3-1,6 D glucan supplementation: Professional and amateur athletes as well as people who work outdoors intensively. People under physical or emotional stress.”

T Cells: P. Mansell, McGill University Cancer Research Unit, Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Canada. Quote: “These studies show, unequivocally, that glucan (Beta-1,3) has an action not only on macrophages, as was originally though, but also on B Lymphocytes and on suppressor T Cells.”

Tumors: Brown GD, Gordon S; “Immune recognition. A new receptor for beta-glucans.” Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Nature 6;413(6851):36-7. Sep 2001. Quote: The carbohydrate polymers known as beta-1,3,1,6 d-glucans exert potent effects on the immune system - stimulating anti-tumor and antimicrobial activity, for example - by binding to receptors on macrophages and other white blood cells and activating them.”

White Blood Cell - Recovery: Pachen ML, MacVittie TJ, “Comparative effects of soluble and particulate glucans on survival in irradiated mice,” J Biol Response Mod 5(1):45-60. Experimental Hematology Dept, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Inst, Bethesda, MD. Feb 1986. Quote: Both glucan-P and glucan-F enhanced the recovery of peripheral blood white cell number, platelet numbers and hematocrit values. In addition, both agents increased endogenous pluripotent hemopoietic stem cell numbers in sublethally irradiated mice.”

Suggested Serving Size

Maintenance - 2-5 grams per day = 1 teaspoon

Therapeutic - 5-10 grams per day = 2 teaspoons

How to take GSMB-Formula

1. Empty serve of GSMB powder into glass jar or shaker bottle containing 125ml water and 125ml citrus juice (that is, mango, orange, and so forth.)

2. Put lid on glass jar or shaker bottle and shake until mixture is blended together.

3. Drink.

The first line of defense: Macrophages

A macrophage ingests a pathogen cell